Function call by value in C

The call by value method of passing arguments to a function copies the actual value of an argument into the formal parameter of the function. In this case, changes made to the parameter inside the function have no effect on the argument.

By default, C programming language uses call by value method to pass arguments. In general, this means that code within a function cannot alter the arguments used to call the function. Consider the function swap() definition as follows.

/* function definition to swap the values */
void swap(int x, int y)
{
   int temp;

   temp = x; /* save the value of x */
   x = y;    /* put y into x */
   y = temp; /* put temp into y */
  
   return;
}

Now let us call the function swap() by passing actual values as in the following example:

#include <stdio.h>
 
/* function declaration */
void swap(int x, int y);
 
int main ()
{
   /* local variable definition */
   int a = 100;
   int b = 200;
 
   printf("Before swap, value of a : %d\n", a );
   printf("Before swap, value of b : %d\n", b );
 
   /* calling a function to swap the values */
   swap(a, b);
 
   printf("After swap, value of a : %d\n", a );
   printf("After swap, value of b : %d\n", b );
 
   return 0;
}

Let us put above code in a single C file, compile and execute it, it will produce following result: 

Before swap, value of a :100
Before swap, value of b :200
After swap, value of a :100
After swap, value of b :200